Bibliography

Abega, P. (1978) "Liturgical Adaptation" in Christianity in Independent Africa (Eds) E. Fashole-Luke et al.

Aquina, Sr. M. (1966) "Christianity in a Rhodesian Tribal Trust Land" in African Social Research I. (1967) "People of the Spirit: An Independent Church in Rhodesia" in Africa 37:2 (1969) "Zionists in Rhodesia" in Africa 39:2. (1978) “Western Monasticism in Independent Africa” in “Christianity in Independent Africa” - Fashole-Luke et al (Eds) (under Weinrich)

Asuni, T. (1979) "The Dilemma of Traditional Healing with special reference to Nigeria" in Social Science and Medicine 13B 33-9 (1979)

Baeta, G.G. (1968) “Christianity in Tropical Africa” Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Barker, E.A. (1973) "Traditional African Views on Health and Disease" in Central African Journal of Medicine. 19(4) 80-82.

Barrett, D.B. (1968) Schism and Renewal in Africa Nairobi and London. East African Publishing House. (Ed) (1971) African Initiatives in Religion Nairobi: East African Publishing House. (21 studies in East and Central Africa).

Beck, Ann (1981) Medicine Tradition and Development in Kenya and Tanzania 1920-70 Waltham, Mass.: Crossroads Press.

Bichmann, W. (1979) "Primary Health Care and Traditional Medicine" in Social Science and Medicine 13B, 17S~182 (1979)

Bond, G., W. Johnson and S. Walker (Eds). (1980) African Christianity:

Patterns of Religious Continuity. New York: Academic Press.

Bond, George (1980) "A prophecy that Failed: The Lumpa Church of Uyombe, Zambia" in African Christianity: Patterns of Religious Continuity (Eds) George Bond et al.

Botswana Notes and Records Gaborone: Botswana (see below for articles).

Brown, Rev. J. Tom (1977 Edition) Setswana Dictionary Pula Press

Campbell, A.C. (1968) "Some Notes on Ngwaketse Divination" in Botswana Notes and Records Vol. I. p. 9-14

Campbell, A.C. (1979) A Guide to Botswana. Winchester Press: Johannesburg and Gaborone.

Comaroff, Jean (1974) Barolong Cosmology: ~ Study of Religious Pluralism in a Tswana Town. University of London Ph.D dissertation (Social Anthropology).

Conco, W.Z. "The African Bantu Traditional Practice of Medicine: Some Preliminary Observations" in Social Science and Medicine 6 (2) 283-322.

Cook, David J. (1978) "Church and State in Zambia: The Case of the African Methodist Episcopal Church" in Christianity in Independent Africa Eds. E. Fashole-Luke et al.

Daneel, M.L. (1971) Old and New in Southern Shona Independent Churches Vol. I The Hague.

(1971) "Shona Independency and Ancestor Worship" inAfrican Initiatives in Religion. (Ed.) David Barrett.

Dennis, Caroline (1978) "The role of dingaka tsa Setswana from the (See also Seeley) nineteenth century to the present" in Botswana Notes and Records. Vol 10 p. 53-66 (See also Seeley)

de Kadt, E. & G. Williams (Eds)(1974) Sociology and Development.

Douglas, Mary (1966) (1979 Edition) Purity and Danger. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Doutreloux, M.A. (1965) "Prophetism and Culture" in African Systems of Thought (Eds) Fortes, M and G. Dieterlen (English Summary P. 237-9)

Dunlop, D.W. (1975) "Alternatives to 'Modern' health delivery systems in Africa: Public policy issues of traditional health Systems". in Social Science and Medicine 9, 581-586.

du Toit, Brian M. (1980) "Religion, Ritual and Healing among urban bla'ck South Africans." in Urban Anthropology 1980,
9 Spring, 21-49.

Eiselen, W.M. (1934) "Christianity and the Religious Life of the Bantu" in Western Civilization and the Natives of South Africa

(Ed) I. Schapera. London. Routledge. p. 65-82.

Evans-Pritchard, E.E. (1965) Theories of Primitive Religion. Oxford: (1976) Witcncraft, Oracles & Magic Among the Azande. Oxford

Etherington, N.A. (1979) "The Historical Sociology of Independent Churches in South-East Africa". in Journal of Religion in Africa Vol. X fasc. 2 p. 108-126.

Fako, Thabo T. (July 1978) Traditional Medicine and Organizational Issues in Botswana. National Institute for Research and Development and African Studies. Working Paper No. 20. Gaborone: Botswana.

Fashole-Luke, E. et al (Eds) (1978) Christianity in Independent Africa London: Rex Collings.

Feddema, J.P. (1966) "Tswana Ritual Concerning Rain" in African Studies 25:4 p. 181-195.

Field, M.J. (1960) Search for Security: An Ethnopsythiatric Study of Rural Ghana. London:Faber

Fortes, M. and G. Dieterlen (Eds) (1965) African Systems of Thought.London: Oxford University Press. .

Fortes, M. (1965) "Some Reflections on Ancestor Worship in Africa" in African Systems of Thought. p. 122-142.

Fortes, M. (1959) Oedipus and Job in W. African Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fabian, J. (1971) Jamaa: A Charismatic Movement in Katanga. North Western University Press: Evanston.

Fernandez. J.W. (1964) "African Religious Movements,Types and Dynamics" in Journal of Modern African Studies,Vol.2.p.531-9.

Gerth, H.H. and C.W. Mills (1948) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology London: Lowe and Brydone.

Giel, R. et al (1968) "Faith Healing and Spirit Possession in Ghion, Ethiopia" in Social Science and Medicine. 1968, 2. 63-79.

Gillies, Eva (1972) "Causal Criteria in African Classifications of Disease" in Social Anthropology and Medicine (Ed.) J. Loudon. p. 358-395.

Gish, Oscar and Godfrey Walker (1977) Mobile Health Services Tri-Med Books Ltd: London.

Grant, Sandy (1971) "Church and Chief in the Colonial Era" in Botswana Notes and Records. Vol. 3 p. 59-63. Gaborone. Botswana.

Gumede, M.V. (1968) African Concepts of Sickness and Bodily Suffering. Lecture to the South African Nursing Congress.

Hauunond-Tooke,W.D. (Ed) (1980 Ed.) The Bantu Speaking Peoples of Southern Africa. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Harding, T. (1973) "Psychosis in a rural W. African Community" in Social Psychiatry No..8, 1973. 198-203.

Hayward, Victor E.W. (1963) (Ed). African Independent Church Movements London: Edinburgh House Press.

Hautvast, J .G.A.J. and "M.L.J. Hautvast -MeItens (1972) "Analysis of a Bantu Medical System" in Tropical and Geographical Medicine. 24: 406-14 (1972).

Hoernle, A. Winfred (1937) "Magic and Medicine" in The Bantu-speaking Tribes of South Africa (Ed) Isaac Schapera.

Hopkins, Joseph Martin (1980) "Theological Students and Witchcraft Beliefs" in Journal of Religion in Africa XI, I p. 56-66

Horton, Robin (1967a) "African Traditional Thought and Western Science-PartI "in Africa 32 (I): 50-71.

(1967b) "African Traditional Thought and Western Science-Part 2" in Africa 32 (2): 155-187.

(1971) "African Conversion" in Africa 41:2

Hoyt, Alverson (1978) Mind in the Heart of Darkness:Value and self Identity among the Tswana of Southern Africa. Macmillan: South Africa.

Idriss, A.A. et al (1976) "HealthCare Facilitiesin DevelopingCountries W.H.O. Chron 30 Sept. 1976.

Jahoda, Gustav (1961) "Traditional Healers and Other Institutions concerned with Mental Illness in Ghana" in International Journal of Social Psychiatry 7(4) :245-68.

Janzen, John, M. (1978) "The Comparative St.udy of Medical Systems as charging Social Systems" in Social Scienceand Medicine 12B p: 121-129.

Johnson,R.H. "The Journal of the Medical and Dental Association of Botswana in Botswana Notes and Records Vol. 4. Gaborone: Botswana.

Johnson, Walton (1980) "The Africanization of a Mission Church: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in Zambia" in African Christianity: Patterns of Religious Continuity (Eds) George Bond et al.

Jules-Rosette, Bennetta (Ed.) (1979) The New Religions of Africa Norwood: Ablex.

Jules-Rosette, Bennetta (1980) "Prophecy and Leadership in the Maranke Church: A Case Study of Continuity and Change" in African Christianity: Patterns of Religious Continuity Eds. George Bond et al.

Kiernan, J.P. (1974) "Where Zionists Draw the line: a study of religious exclusiveness in an African township". in African Studies 33(2) 1974; 79-90

(1975)"Old Wine in new wineskins" in African Studies 34(3) 1975: 193-201

(1978) "Saltwater and Ashes: Instruments of Curing Among some Zulu Zionists” in Journal of Religion in Africa Vol. IX fasc. 1 p. 27-32.

(1979) "The Weapons of Zion" in Journal of Religion in Africa. Vol X Fasc. 1 p. 13-21.

(1980) "Zionist Communion" in Journal of Religion in Africa. Vol XI Fasc. 2 p. 124-136.

(1981) "Themes and trends in the Study of Black Religion in Southern Africa" in Journal of Religion in Africa
XII Fasc. 2 p. 137-147.

King, Maurice (1966) Medical Care in Developing Countries. London: Oxford University Press.

Kleinman, A.M. (1974/5) "Cognitive Structures of traditional medical systems: Ordering, explaining, and interpreting the human experience of illness." in Ethnomedizin Ill, 117 1974-5, 27-49.

Kuper, Adam (1970) Kalahari Village Politics: An African Democracy, Cambridge University Press.

Lambo, T .A. (1961) "A form of Social Psychiatry in Africa (with special reference to general features of Psychotherapy with Africans)" in World Mental Health 13: 190-203.

(1966) "The Village of Aro" in Medical Care in Developing Countries (Ed) Maurice King.

Last, M. (1976) "The presentation of sickness in a community of non- Muslim Hausa" in Social Anthropology and Medicine

(Ed) J.B. Loudon.

Leeson, Joyce (1970) "Traditional Medicine: Still plenty to Offer" ~n Africa Report Oct. 1970 p: 24-5.

Leeson, Joyce and Ronald Frankenberg (1972) "Disease, Illness and Sickness: Social Aspects of the Choice of Healer in a Lusaka Suburb" in Social Anthropology and Medicine (Ed) J.B. Loudon p 223-258.

(1974) "The Sociology of Health Dilemmas in the Post-Colonial World: Intermediate Technology and Medical Care in Zambia, Zaire and China" in Sociology and Development (Ed). de Kadt et al p 255-278

Lifela Tsa Sione (Zion Hymnal) (1981) Morija Sesuto Book Depot: Lesotho

Loudon.J.B. (Ed) (1976) Social Anthropology and Medicine Academic Press: London.

Lucas. A.D. and R.G. Hendrickse (1966) "Yoruba ideas of disease revealed by Hospital Patients". Proceedings of a symposium on the traditional background to medical practice in Nigeria April 20-23 (edited as occasional publication No. 25, 197 J).

MaClean, Una (1971) Magical Medicine: A Nigerian Case Study. London: Alien Lane.

Malinovski, Bronislaw (1948) Magic, Science and Religion and other Essays by Bronislaw Malinovski. London: Souvenir Press (1974 Edition)

Marwick, Max (Ed).(1970) Witchcraft and Sorcery Penguin Education: England.

Mbiti, J.S. (1969) African Religions and Philosophy Heinemann: London (1970) Concepts of God in Africa. London: Heinemann

Merrieweather, A.M. (1968) "Molepole Mission History" in Botswana Notes and Records. Vol 1 p 15-18 "The Journal of the Medical and Dental Association of Botswana" in Botswana Notes and Records. Vol 5 p 225-6

Ministry of Health Annual Reports. Gaborone: Botswana

Mitchell, J.Clyde (1965) "The Meaning of Misfortune for Urban Africans" in African Systems of Thought (Eds) Fortes, M. And G. Dieterlen. p 192-203.

Mitchell, Robert Cameron (1979) "Strains and Facilities in the Inter- pretation of an African Prophet Movement" in Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 1979, 2: 187-218

Mullings, Leith (1980) "Religious Change and Social Stratification in Labadi, Ghana: The Church of the Messiah" in African Christianity: Patterns of Religious Continuity (Eds) George Bond et al. p 65-88.

Murphree, M.W. (1969) Christianity and the Shona. London: L.S.E. Monographs in Social Anthropology. No.36 (1971) "Religious interdependence among the Budjga Vapostori" in African Initiatives in Religion (Ed) David Barrett.

Murphy, Margaret and Tuku Muhammed Baba (1981) "Rural Dwellers and Health Care in Northern Nigeria" in Social Science and Medicine. Vol. 15A: 265-71

National Development Plan 1973-8 and 1976-81 Gaborone:. Botswana.

Ndeti, K. (1976) "The relevance of African Traditional Medicine ~n Modern Medical Training and Practice" in World Anthropologist. 1976: 11-26.

Ngubane, Harriet(1976) "Some Aspects of Treatment Among the Zulu" in Social Anthropology and Medicine (Ed). Loudon,J.B. (1977) Body and Mind in Zulu Medicine. Academic Press London.

Odejide, A.O. et al (1978) "Traditional Healers and Mental Illness in the City of Ibadan" in Journal of Black Studies Vol. 9 No 2, 1978 p 195-205.

Okafor, Stephen O. (1982) "Bantu Philosophy: Placide Tempels Revisited" in Journal of Religion in Africa XIII (2) 1982 p 83-100

Omoyajowa, Akin (1978) "The Aladura Churches in Nigeria Since Independence" in Christianity in Independent Africa (Eds) E. Fashole- Luke et al.

Parrinder, G. (1969) Religion in Africa. London: Pall Mall Press

Pauw, B.A. (1960) Religion in a Tswana Chiefdom. Cape Town (1965) "Patterns of Christianization among the Tswana and Xhosa-speaking Peoples"in African Systems of Thought (Ed) Mayer Fortes and Dieterlen. p 240-253. (1974) "The Influence of Christianity"in The Bantu-speaking Peoples of Southern Africa (Ed) W.D. Hammond-Tooke

Peel, J.D.Y. (1978 First Pub. 1974) "The Christianization of African Society: Some possible Models". in Christianity independent Africa (Eds.) E. Fashole-Luke et al.

Prince, R. (1975) "Some Yoruba views on the causes and modes of treatment of anti-social behaviour" in African Journal of Psychiatry 1: 133-137

Ranger, T.O. and I.N.Kilambo (Eds) (1972) The Historical Study of African Religion London:Heinemann.

Ranger Terence (1978) "The Churches, The Nationalist State and African Religion" in Christianity in Independent Africa (Eds) Fashole-Luke et al.

Report on the Census of Botswana 1964 and 1970

Robertson, Roland (Ed) (1981 Edition) Sociology of Religion Penguin Education: England.

Rural Africana 26 (1974)

Saunders, Christopher (1978) "African Nationalism and Religious Independency in Cape Colony" in Journal of Religion in Africa Vol IX Fasc. 3 (1978) P 207-10

Sbrana, G. (1972) "A Noteon Mental Health in Botswana" it:lNotes and Records Vol 4: 235-6

Schapera, Isaac (1934) "The Old Bantu Culture" and "Present Day Life in the Native Reserves" in Western Civilization and the Natives of Southern Africa (Ed.) Isaac Schapera. (1935) "The Social Structure of a Tswana Ward" in Bantu Studies 9. p 203-24 (1940) "The Political Organization of the Ngwato of the Bechuanaland Protectorate" in African Political Systems (Eds.) Fortes,M. and E.E.Evans Pritchard. Institute of African Languages and Cultures: London. (1942) "A Short History of the Bangwaketse" I n African Studies 1 (1), 1942: 1-26. (1947) "The Political Annals of a Tswana Tribe: Minutes of NgwaketsePublic Assemblies 1910-17" Cape Town The University, 1947. Mimeo.

Schapera,Isaac (1951) Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence 1841-1856 London. (1952) "Sorcery and Witchcraft in Bechuanaland" in African Studies 51. p 39-51. (1953) (First Pub. 1937) The Bantu-Speaking Tribes of South Africa. London: Routledge. (1955) A Handbook of Tswana Law and Custom. London: Oxford University Press. (1955)"Witchcraft Beyond Reasonable Doubt" in Man 1955, May p. 72 (1958) "Christianity and the Tswana" in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute Vol. 88, (I) 1958 p 1-9 (1970) First Pub. 1943) Tribal Innovators: Tswana Chiefs and Social Change 1795-1940. London: Athlone Press. (1971. First Pub. 1940) Married Life in an African Tribe Penguin (1971) Rainmaking Rites of Tswana Tribes. African Social Research Documents, Vol. 3. (Cambridge). (1973. First pub. 1953) The Tswana London: International African Institute. "*

and Simon Roberts (1973) "Rampedi Revisited: Another look at a Kgotla Ward"

Schiele, M. (1972) "Notes on the History of the Dutch Reformed Mission at Mochudi" in Botswana Notes and Records Vol 4 p282-4

Seeley, C.F. (1973) The Reaction of the Tswana to the Practice of Western Medicine (unpublished M.Phil. Thesis, University of London). (See also Caroline Dennis).

Setiloane, Gabriel M. (1975) The Image of God among the Sotho-Tswana A.A. Balkema: Rotterdam. (1978) "How the Traditional world-view persists in the Christianity of the Sotho-Tswana" in Christianity in I Independent Africa (Eds) Fashole-Luke et al.

Sharma, D.D. (1968) A National Health Plan for Botswana 1968-77 W.H.0., 1968 i i.

Shorter Aylward (1978) "Recent Developments in African Christian Spirituality" in Christianity in Independent Africa (Eds.) Fashole-Luke et al. (1980) "Spirit Possession and Christian Healing in Tanzania" in African Affairs Vol. 79. Jan. p 45 -53

Singleton, M. (1978) "Spirits and Spiritual Direction: The Pastoral Counselling of the Possessed" in Christianity in Independent Africa (Eds.) Fashole-Luke et al.

Skultans, Vieda (1972) "Empathy and Healing: Aspects of Spiritualist Ritual" in Social Anthropology and Medicine ``(Ed) J.B. Loudon.

Stephens, B. (1975) "The Health Information Project” in Botswana Notes and Records. Vol. 7 p. 204

Sundkler, Bengt (1961. First Pub. 1948) Bantu Prophets in South Africa Oxford University Press. (1958) "The concept of Christianity in the African Independent Churches” (1965) "Chief and Prophet in Zululand and Swaziland" in African Systems of Thought (Eds) M. Fortes and G.Dieterlen p 276-287. (1976) Zulu Zion and Some Swazi Zionists. Oxford University Press. (1978) "Worship and Spirituality" in Christianity in Independent Africa (Eds) Fashole-Luke et al.

Swantz, Marja Liisa (1979) "Community and Healing among the Zaramo in Tanzania" in Social Science and Medicine Vol. 13B: 169-173.

Tiechler, G.H. (1971) "Notes on the Botswana Pharmacopoeia" in Botswana Notes and Records Vol. 3: 8-11 (1972) "Notes on Eye Disease in Botswana" in Botswana Notes and Records Vol. 4: 237-40.

Tempels, Placide (1959) Bantu Philosophy. Paris

Thema, B.C. (1968) "The: Church and Education in Botswana during the Nineteenth Century" in Botswana Notes and Records Vol p 1-4.

Turner, H.W. (1966) "A Methodology for Modern African Religious Movements" in Comparative Studies in Sociology and History Vol. Ill, No. 3. April p 281-94. (1966) "Problems in the Study of African Independent Churches" in Numen (Leiden) 13( 1) 1966 p 27-42. (1967) "Typology of African Religious Movements" in Journal of Religion in Africa. Vol. I, Fasc 1. p 1-34 (1974) "Tribal Religious Movements, New" in Encyclopaedia Britannica (1974 Edition) Vol. 18 p 697-705. (1975) "African Independent Churches and Education" in Journal of Modern African Studies. 13(2): 295-308 (1976) "The Study of New Religious Movements in Africa 1968-75" in Journal of Religion and Religions 6( 1): 88-98 (1976) " The Approach to Africa's Religious Movements" in African Perspectives 1976 (issued 1977) p. 13-23. (1977) New Religious Movements Vol.I : Black Africa Hall & Co: Boston. Mass. (1978) "Patterns of Ministry and Structure within Independent Churches" in Christianity in Independent Africa. (Eds.) Fashole~Luke et al. (1979) (First Pub. 1969) "A model for the structure of religion in relation to the secular" in Journal of Theology for Southern Africa (1980) "New Studies of New Movements" in Journal of Religion in Africa Vol. XI(2) P 137-153 (1981) "The Way forward in the Religious Study of African Primal Religions" in Journal of Religion in Africa Vol. XII(I) p1-15

Turner V.W. (1964) "Witchcraft and Sorcery; Taxonomy vs Dynamics" in Africa XXXIV, 314-24 (1964) Lunda Medicine and the Treatment of Disease Rhodes Livingstone Occasional Papers, No. 15

Tutu, Desmond (1978) "Whither African Theology'in Christianity in Independent Africa. Eds. Fashole-Luke et al.

Ullin, Pricilla (1975) "The Traditional Healer of Botswana in a Changing Society" in Botswana Notes and Records Vol.7 p.95-102

Uyanga, Joseph (1979) "The Characteristics of Patients of Spiritual Healing Homes and Traditional Doctors in South-East Nigeria" in Social Science and Medicine 13A, p 323-9

Walker, Sheila (1979) "Witchcraft and Healing in an African Christian Church" in Journal of Religion- in Africa 10(2) 1979 127-38 (1980) "The Message as the Medium" in African Christianity: Patterns of Religious Continuity (Eds.) George Bond et al.

Weber, Max (1966 Edition) The Sociology of Religion Social Science Paper- backs: London.

West, Martin (1975) "The Shades Come to Town: The Ancestors and Urban Independent Churches" in Religion and Social Change
in Southern Africa (Eds) Whisson, M.G. and Martin West (1975) Bishops and Prophets in a Black City. Rex Collings: London.

Whisson,M.G. and Martin West (1975) (Eds) Religion and Social Change in Southern Africa. Cape Town.

Wilson, B.R. (1975) Magic and the Millennium. London: Heinemann (1976) Contemporary Transformations of Religion

Wilson, Monica (1971) Religion and Transformation of Society. Cambridge

Winch, Peter (1970) "Understanding a Primitive Society" in Rationality (Ed.) B.R. Wilson. Blackwell, Oxford.

Wookey, A.J. (1977) Setswana-English Phrasebook. Pula Press